60,灵台秘事(1 / 2)

(讲天文历法是很辛苦又不讨好的事情,但科学革命是从天文开始的!不得不讲,各位看在没有功劳有苦劳的份上,投票收藏,给点支持吧!)

梁令瓒说到这里,忽地一声叹息道:“开元年间,李淳风所造《麟德历》测验日月交食,时有不准。岁差之故也!当其时也,太史监主掌之人,却是天竺人,兰台主人已非我中土所掌矣!”

“可是那号称‘天竺三家’中人么?”鲜于仲通问道。他于当朝之事,自然较为熟悉,而李玄在一边,却全然迷惘。不是说这大唐皇家天文机构,一直是道家的天下吗?怎么到了唐玄宗时,却变成由印度人来当太史监了呢?这掌管天象的人变成了外国人,可跟清朝康熙年间的汤若望有一拼了啊?难道这时大唐皇帝便有这等胸襟?

“正是,那天竺三家,皆精天文,居唐已久,早已尽习我中土古传推步之术,而参以天竺之法。开元年间,天竺三家之中,最著名者,便是瞿昙悉达。此人生于大唐,精通梵文,译得天竺《九执历》,载于《开元占经》之中,若论星象之学,此人实在是个兼修中西,博古通今之人!其父瞿昙罗,造《光宅历》,上于中宗皇帝,却为当时太史少监南宫说所阻,未得施用,故直到开元十六年,本朝历法,仍是李淳风之《麟德历》!”

“南宫世家?也是精于天文的吗?”鲜于仲通问道。

“正是,南宫乃我中土人士,自不愿用天竺之法。故力谏之。可是当今皇上于中土历法及天竺历法之间,取舍难定。若是延用《麟德历》呢,日月交食不准,恐阴阳不和,有伤国运。若是用那天竺《九执历》呢,朝中大臣,无不反对,便是太史监中,亦分为中土天竺两派!正在此时,却有一行大师精于天算,声名远播,今上便令其族叔张洽,于嵩山访得之,强征入朝,主持改历!一行祖籍原是河南张氏,亦是名门之后,却又出家为僧,今上用一行改历,一是因其推步之术名闻天下,二也是为了折中太史监两派之争,可谓用心良苦!”梁令瓒叹道。

他这番“讲史”,终于让李玄明白了,原来这太史监里,也是有中西之争的!当时印度天文学可能在某些方面有过人之处!这当然可以理解,印度毕竟受古希腊影响较深,当时的半夜学派、婆罗门学派,恐怕跟古希腊及巴比伦的天学,都有关联。李玄心里只是在想,古希腊的水晶球体系,还有巴比伦的黄道十二宫,这时难道已经传入中国了吗?

“那这天竺所传之天学,比我中土天学,究竟有何过人之处呢?”鲜于志简问道。李玄心想,这老爷子正好把我心中的疑问提了出来。

“自佛教东来,天竺天算之学,假借佛经传入中土。婆罗门星图算经,南北朝时已流播佛门之中。史上最著者,便是那梁武帝长春殿讲义一案!此乃是我道家浑天说与佛教天算之学一次公开较量!那梁武帝萧衍笃信佛教,而其在位之时,天出异象,荧惑入于南斗,此乃天子流徒之象也!当时有占星家云:‘荧惑入南斗,天子下殿走!’武帝便召集文武百官,齐议于长春殿,讲论天象。他一心要用天竺之法,但又以《周髀》盖天之说为借口,排斥浑天之说,其所谓新盖天者,其实只是张冠李戴而已,所用全为天竺佛经之说,幸有祖暅之等坚守祖冲之所造之《大明历》,密法精称,才未能改用天竺之法。”

李玄听到这里,才明白那个弄出圆周率的牛人祖冲之,也是天算世家啊。祖暅之应该是他的儿子吧。

“若说天竺之法如何精密,在下也是跟着一行和尚制订新历之后,才略有所知。在此之前,我中土天算家,皆以浑天为法度,莫不宗张平子、李淳风。当年一行初受大任,便与在下共商重造浑仪。在下当时费尽心血,方想到将李淳风之浑天黄道仪一分为二,制成两器。一为黄道游仪,专为推步五星,测量极度所用。二为水运浑像,以演示天体运行之妙!”

李玄在一旁听得明白,这梁令瓒不愧为机械大师,他把原来复杂的仪器,一下子按功能分成两个,简化了结构,却令其功能变得更为实用。一个是测量用的,一个是演示用的,真是一位能工巧匠啊!不能不令人佩服!

“今上果然是用人得当!梁公主仪像测度,一行主推算历法,可谓是珠联璧合!”鲜于志简赞道。

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