第686章 士之优劣,无所遁形(1 / 2)

汉起 赤血萌萌 1054 字 2022-04-26

与陈矫类似,通过招贤令选拔出来的人才,有卫旌这般赋闲在家的文士,朱桓这般未及弱冠大家豪强子弟,有董袭一样低级将吏,诸葛瑾一般的低级官吏,还有会稽阚泽这般以抄书为生的贫寒士子,平原祢衡这种有人举荐而暂未擢用者……

士人官吏皆称赞这次选拔不拘一格、济济多士,却没有注意到三大革命性变化。

春秋时期,主要奉行诸侯卿大夫制度,即世官制,王侯将相与普通人处于不同阶级,战国则养门客成风,秦国、秦朝有一套严格的军功爵名田升迁制度。

高祖、孝武帝以来,选拔人才通过察举制,三公九卿、二千石、州郡举荐贤良、方正、孝廉、直谏等,中央政府经考试后分等级录用。

相比世官、门客、军功制,两汉之察举制明显有利于提拔人才、加强中央集权,故名臣良将层出不穷。

然而再好的制度也敌不过岁月的侵蚀,抵不过人道运行之规律-人之道,损不足奉有余

到东汉末年,世家豪族之门第、父叔母族之官位势力逐步成了最重要评判标准,出现了举茂才不知之书、举孝廉父别居类似笑话。

袁绍、袁术、曹操高门子弟皆二十出头得举孝廉,刘岱、刘繇兄弟接连为茂才,孝和帝制定的年四十方得举荐彻底沦为废纸。只有张昭这种另类,接到孝廉举荐后竟然以年龄尚且青拒绝赴任,而卢植、邴原、管宁等寒士千心万苦才能有所成就。

最终出现了四世三公之汝南袁氏、弘农杨氏这种极至门阀政治家族。通过婚姻、门生故吏等方式,与其他家族交换政治利益,将门生故吏当做私人,保持自身地位百年不倒,成了帝国政坛公开的秘密。

比门阀政治更极致,是门阀中的野心家

袁绍最为代表性,以党人领袖自居,建立本初俱乐部,培植势力,秘密谋划,招揽亡命,收容不法。

袁术效而仿之

随着位置渐高,权力渐大,欲望亦不断膨胀,不满足于三公之家,有窥探九鼎之心。

二袁、曹操、刘岱、张邈等以两次清君侧名义,将外戚大将军、皇太后与少帝刘辩送上祭台,将政治%斗争推向军事斗争,引发全国性的混乱。操纵舆论,硬把忠于大汉近四百年、立下赫赫战功的西北诸郡良家子,说成十恶不赦的妖魔鬼怪。

这次招贤

就是深痛于门阀政治之桎梏,深恶门阀子弟浑水摸鱼,深思察举制度、门生故吏之弊端,吸取世官、门客、军功诸制之优劣,做出的一项阶段性改革。

此时各地太守、刺史大多清廉正派,刘备自然不能禁各地举荐,却也绝不以举荐限制入场资格!

未得举荐之人,皆可投书自荐,有力气绝技者可现场展示。

考试考察,有邴原、荀攸、任旐、张飞、典韦、张飞等亲近之臣,管宁、关羽、糜竺、张昭等忠正之士把关,几人一组分别给出评分、或写出评语,判断其长短与优劣,给出任职建议,交刘备参考。

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