怎样煲汤更营养 煲汤最好选用低脂肪的食材 食材新鲜,汤味更好 食材搭配要适宜 煲汤配水要合理 煲肉汤宜用冷水 煲肉汤不要过早放盐 凉性瓜果煲汤最好不去皮 汤中加蔬菜的窍门 鱼汤鲜美有窍门 用肉禽煲汤应(2 / 2)
美味养生汤一本就够了
高海波,李海涛主编
1077 字
2022-05-26
可将鲜鱼去鳞、除内脏,清洗干净,放到开水中烫三四分钟捞出来,然后放进烧开的汤里,加适量的葱、姜、盐,改用小火慢煮,待出鲜味时离火,滴上少许香油即可。
也可将洗净的鲜鱼放进热油中煎至两面微黄,然后冲入开水,并加葱、姜,先用大火烧开,再改小火煮熟即可。
还可将清洗净的鲜鱼控去水分。锅中放油,用葱段、姜片炝锅并煸炒一下,待葱变黄出香味时,冲入开水,大火煮沸后放入鱼,用大火烧开后改小火煮熟即可。
用肉禽类食材煲汤时,一定要“飞水”。用鸡、鸭、排骨等肉禽类食材煲汤时,应先将肉放入开水中稍煮一下,然后捞出洗净,这个过程就叫作“飞水”或“焯水”。“飞水”不仅可以除去血水,还可去除一部分脂肪,避免汤过于油腻。
一般说的煲汤,多指长时间地熬煮,此时火候就是它成功的唯一要诀。煲的诀窍在于大火煲开,小火煲透。大火是以汤中央起“菊花心——像一朵盛开的大菊花”为准,每小时消耗水量约为20%。煲老火汤,主要是以大火煲开、小火煲透的方式来烹调。小火是以汤中央呈“菊花心——像一朵半开的菊花”为准,耗水量约为每小时10%,如此煲制,便不会出错。
饮食行业常说的“煲三炖四”是指煲汤一般需要3小时,炖汤需要4~6小时。但是有更多的人相信“煲汤时间越长越好”,而且一煲就是一整天,这些人认为,这样食物的营养才能充分地溶解到汤里。根据字典的解释,“煲”就是用小火煮食物,慢慢地熬。研究证明,煲汤时间适度加长确实有助于营养物质的释放和吸收,但过长就会对营养成分造成一定的破坏。
一般来说,煲汤的食材以肉类等含蛋白质较高的食物为主,蛋白质的主要成分为氨基酸。如果加热时间过长,氨基酸遭到破坏,营养反而降低,同时还会使菜肴失去应有的鲜味。另外,食物中的维生素如果加热时间过长,也会有不同程度的损失,尤其是维生素C,遇热极易被破坏,煮20分钟后几乎所剩无几。所以,汤煲得过久,虽然看上去汤很浓,其实随着汤中水分蒸发,也带走了很多营养的精华。
对于一般肉类来说,煲1~1.5小时就可以了,但鱼肉比较细嫩,煲汤时间不宜过长,只要汤烧到发白就可以了,再继续炖不但营养会被破坏,鱼肉也会变老、变粗,导致口感不佳。还有些人喜欢在汤里放人参等滋补药材,由于参类含有人参皂苷,煮得过久就会分解,失去补益价值,所以在这种情况下,煲汤的最佳时间是40分钟。
煲鲜汤用陈年瓦罐最好。瓦罐是由不易传热的石英、长石、黏土等原料配合成陶土,经高温烧制而成,其通气性、吸附性都较好,还具有传热均匀、散热缓慢等特点。煨制鲜汤时,瓦罐能均衡而持久地把外界的热能传递给内部原料,相对平衡的环境温度,有利于水分子与食物的相互渗透,这种相互渗透的时间维持得越长,鲜香成分溶出得越多,汤的滋味就越鲜醇,原料也就越酥烂。
具有食疗功效的药膳汤是以中医和中药的理论为指导,既要考虑到药物的性味、功效,也要考虑到食物的性味和功效,二者必须相一致、相协调,不可性味、功效相反,否则,非但起不到保健身体、治疗疾病的作用,还可能引起不同程度的副作用。如辛热的附子不宜配甘凉的鸭子,宜与甘温的食物配伍,附片羊肉汤就是很好的搭配;清热泻火的生石膏不宜与温热的狗肉配伍,宜与甘凉的食物配伍,豆腐石膏汤即是很好的搭配。
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